From the Agent:“A rare and transcendent piece of L.A. history, this restored cabin—Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #839—was home to Paul Landacre, a celebrated modernist artist whose work was shaped by the surrounding landscape and is held in the collections of LACMA, MoMA, and the Whitney. An artful renovation by Oller & Pejic Architecture honors the home’s singular ethos, preserving single-wall construction and exposed beams while introducing masterful updates. Wood paneling and floors bring depth and warmth. Incredible light, exquisite views, and original details like petrels carved into the gables infuse the home with quiet elegance. The bedroom opens to a wraparound deck and the sunny bonus room could function as an office or second bedroom. Scenic decks and patios take in stunning vistas, and there’s a spa for winding down and a detached studio for art or work.”
Paul Landacre specialized in wood engravings, and the renovated house makes extensive use of the material. The living area features timber paneling and hand-built window frames, and the exterior is clad in custom-milled redwood siding.
Jilbert Daniel
Jilbert Daniel
The home was originally built as a birding cabin in the early 20th century.
Layers of soil matching the landscape form the brutalist retreat in Todos Santos.
Houses We Love: Every day we feature a remarkable space submitted by our community of architects, designers, builders, and homeowners. Have one to share? Post it here.
From the Architect: “The architecture of Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, is a captivating blend of historic charm and contemporary influences. The town, nestled between the Sierra de la Laguna mountains and the Pacific Ocean, boasts a rich cultural heritage that is reflected in its architecture. Wandering through the streets, one encounters preserved colonial buildings with vibrant facades that showcase a palette of earthy tones. Over time, Todos Santos has become a haven for artists and creatives, influencing the architectural landscape. Quaint art galleries, boutique hotels, and stylish cafes seamlessly integrate modern design elements while maintaining a respect for the town’s traditional aesthetic.
“This rammed-earth project began by considering the natural topography, aligning the architecture with contours and capturing views. A key strategy involves crafting a defined exterior space that’s integrated with the surroundings, acting as an anchor and shaping the overall design. This approach fosters a relationship between the built environment and landscape. The strategic placement of volumes responds directly to the landscape and ocean views.
“Extended walls optimize natural light and frame views. This design element is meant to enhance the ambiance, reinforcing a serene connection with the landscape. The circular rooftop swimming pool is placed to maximize panoramic ocean and sky views. The defined exterior space seamlessly transforms into a covered terrace, acting as the focal point for social encounters. A central fireplace adds to the ambiance while also serving as a support column.”
From the Agent: “This home sits on the edge of the renowned Kilcher Homestead and has been featured multiple times on Discovery Channel’s ‘The Last Frontier.’ The property features Thermador appliances, stunning views, artistic elements, and reclaimed wood throughout the residence. The home boasts a greenhouse made with recycled glass and two additional cabins.”
The remote property is a homesteader’s dream with three hand-built dwellings, a greenhouse, and nearly four acres of forested land.
Photo by Robert Winter with Grubstake Media
Photo by Robert Winter with Grubstake Media
In addition to the main house, the property includes a green house and two smaller cabins.
Dacoury Dahi Natche, who’s worked with artists like Kendrick Lamar, and local firm Shin Shin stripped dated finishes and added a recording studio to better mix work and home life—keeping an “amazing” view of the city.
In 2022, Dacoury Dahi Natche finally found what he was searching for. Home-wise, that is. “We were looking for a home in this area for a while,” says the DJ and music producer, who goes by Dahi, of Los Angeles’s View Park neighborhood, just south of Culver City. “I learned about it maybe ten years ago, and I just loved the architecture and styles of homes here.”
Dahi, who has collaborated with musical artists including Kendrick Lamar, Drake, and Big Sean, was craving a place where he could find a creative flow for his production work while still being under the same roof as his wife and two small children. After looking for six months in View Park, a historically Black neighborhood, Dahi came across a listing for a 1949 ranch-style residence that was less than thrilling at first glance. “The pictures looked terrible,” he says, laughing. “But the square footage looked good, the backyard had lots of space, and it had a basement where I could work from home.”
Before: Exterior
The 1949 home Dacoury Dahi Natche and his family purchased in L.A.’s View Park neighborhood is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its exemplary ranch-style roofs.
Photo: Shin Shin
“The house was in pretty bad shape when we started,” says Dahi’s architect, Melissa Shin of local firm Shin Shin. Because the home was a masonry structure, Shin was limited in what she could change inside, and that it’s a historic property listed with the National Register also meant that the exterior facade needed to stay the same. “What we did seems like a light touch, but it was actually a pretty significant undertaking just to clean up the home and simplify some of the spaces,” she says.
After: Exterior
Its exterior profile stayed the same, but architect Melissa Shin added a fresh coat of paint and a new garage door, front door, and windows. “We went back and found the oldest picture of the house we could, which was from 2007, and tried to match that color,” she says.
Having seen multiple renovations over the years, the home had accumulated layers that Shin peeled back to the original masonry to reveal its “bones.” This included removing a suspended roof to open up a vaulted ceiling, and stripping faux stone, plaster, and a wall of mirrors that had been added in the living room. “The aesthetic had this feeling of trickery,” says Dahi of the outdated finishes. The black tiled flooring also needed to go, as it made the home feel much darker inside than it actually was.
Before: Living Room
The renovation sought to remove layers of faux and outdated finishes that had been added over the years.
In the news: Florida greenlights ADUs, a New York neighborhood’s feud with a local music venue, Dwell staffers report from Milan Design Week, and more.
The Florida Senate unanimously passed a bill allowing accessory dwelling units (ADUs) to be built to boost affordable housing in the state. It also adopted amendments to streamline tenant screening and block ADUs from being used as short-term rentals. (Orlando Business Journal)
Built as a tranquil retreat within NYC a century ago, Forest Hills Gardens is now caught in a battle over concerts at the revived Forest Hills Stadium, where noise violations, lawsuits, and dueling petitions are stirring resentment. Even as neighbors gripe, a last-minute deal with the NYPD means shows from Phish, Hozier, and more will go on—for now. (The New York Times)
Compass and other real estate brokerages have been listing homes privately, but now Zillow is clapping back. The company says it will ban any listings that have been privately marketed before hitting Multiple Listing Services, stepping up a fight over off-market real estate and attempting to force greater transparency in how homes are sold. (Yahoo)
Dwell’s visual media producer, Ian Zunt (left), and visuals editor, Alex Casto (right) check out Acquaforte’s concrete-and-steel lamps at Salone del Mobile.
Photo by Olga Mai
Porsche heir Wolfgang Porsche plans to build a private tunnel to his $9 million Salzburg villa, and many on the political left are crying foul as the city grapples with rising living costs. The countdown is on until the town council votes next month on whether to approve the tycoon’s controversial project. (The Wall Street Journal)
In a whirlwind eight-hour sprint through Milan Design Week, Dwell’s visual media producer, Ian Zunt, captured everything from cork-built lounges to reissued Ligne Roset classics, while Alex Casto, Dwell’s visuals editor, covered the revelatory edge of emerging designers at Alcova. Their hot takes sparked a heated debate over what truly stole the show at Salone. (Dwell)
Top image courtesy of Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images.
Beginning in the ’90s, formerly rural regions transformed into far-flung enclaves for the elite, and vast acreages became utopias for the privileged family.
As a part of our 25th-anniversary celebration, we’re republishing formative magazine stories from before our website launched. This story previously appeared in Dwell’s January/February 2003 issue.
The exurban house is in.Or, rather, out. Far out, at road’s end, beyond freeway and subdivision. Neither rural nor suburban, exurban houses lie deep in the countryside, yet within striking distance of chic eats and leisure-time activities. Their extra-large lots, usually far in excess of two or three acres, encourage privacy, yet include chef’s kitchens and media rooms for entertaining. Enjoying the affluence of contemporary times, exurban residents strive for a pleasurable and provocative style of landscape living. Recent house designs by Northern California architects Fernau & Hartman and Stanley Saitowitz are typical of the exurban phenomenon, where the experience of setting is taken to the outer limits.
While exurban houses aim to dance with nature, their designers must contend with one of architecture’s oldest challenges: how to adapt a building to the different rhythms of nature and society.
For thousands of years, houses resembled their landscapes, but not out of aesthetic intent. Houses sprang out of the particularities of local agricultural tasks, building tradition, terrain, and climate. Their materials—be they wood or stone—came from nearby. Each design decision, from the thickness of walls to the pitch of a roof, was all part of a struggle for survival.
During the Renaissance, rising affluence allowed architects to subvert a house’s dependence on its natural setting. Beginning with Raphael and Palladio in the 16th century, the design of houses for the elite reveled in the strictness of geometry and the freedom of art. Designed landscapes began to resemble ideas and drawings, and emanated from a house’s straight lines and right angles. Eyes replaced hands as, for the elite, landscape became a field of viewing rather than sowing something to be gazed at musingly from a veranda. By the 20th century, as championed by architects like Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, industrial materials—steel, reinforced concrete, and plate glass—further struck home the aesthetic (and technological) relationship between house and landscape.
As early as the 19th century, however, this aesthetic approach to the landscape provoked negative reactions. Certain architects, most notably those involved with the British Arts and Crafts movement, began to argue for a reintegration of domestic building with landscape, for houses that snugly settled into place. But as architects dove back into the intricacies and constraints of nature, the socioeconomic conditions of a working relationship between house and landscape were vanishing. During those same years of the industrial era, for the first time in human history, wilderness became attractive. Freed from the toil of the fields and the dangers of wild animals, people began to embrace long-feared feral lands. This love had less to do with an all-out immersion in wilderness than with a casual, predominantly visual appreciation of its striking attributes.
Perhaps it’s no wonder, then, that today’s houses designed for the countryside and wilderness—or, more realistically, exurbia—approach nature boldly. Nature is no longer something that needs to be contended with, as with agrarian building, or vanquished by pure artistic forms. These days, our world’s largely domesticated nature has become a flexible element in architecture’s arsenal.
Moore, Lyndon, Turnbull and Whittaker’s Condominium I (1965) at Sea Ranch, on the coast of Northern California, epitomizes the ways architects have embraced wild and agrarian landscapes only to squeeze out bold iterations of form and space. The unique appearance and site of the building—poised between abstract art and grainy vernacular, on a peaceful meadow above a rocky ocean cliff—struck a chord in people’s yearning for an alternative to city or suburb. Sea Ranch may very well have spawned the idea of exurban houses, spread over the landscape at low densities, like the working American farms of old, yet stamped with an aura of astonishing sensory experience.
To this day, exurban architecture flourishes, especially in California. In a series of houses completed over the past decade, Berkeley-based architects Richard Fernau and Laura Hartman have furthered domestic communion with landscape and continued traditions of San Francisco Bay Area architects from William Wurster to William Turnbull. While Fernau & Hartman’s preference for bright colors and angular projections might seem to be unrelated to site, almost all their decisions emerge from an inspection of landscape attuned to client desires. Generally, their houses are situated to maximize beautiful panoramas and minimize the visual intrusion of blight. For instance, at the von Stein residence (1992), in Sonoma County, California, the west side of the house becomes an opaque wall so as to close off the presence of neighbors and the afternoon sun. All the primary viewing corridors from rooms and terraces look out on the prized vineyards of the Valley of the Moon.
Photos from the collection of Craig Ellwood Archives / Special Collections College of Environmental Design Cal Poly Pomona, Wayne Andrews / Esto (Sea Ranch)
But exploiting stunning long-range views is only part of how Fernau & Hartman encourage a closer interaction between house and landscape. Reflecting the clients’ desire for outdoor living, site plans alternate interior rooms and exterior patios. The architects take full advantage of topography, and their houses seem to hop up hillsides or skip across the creases of valleys. The von Stein house, for instance, is organized around a central spine, which links a series of alternating indoor and outdoor rooms (including a tower) that step up the hillside. While encouraging al fresco dining, socializing, and contemplation, this division into discrete zones also separates public spaces, workspaces, and sleeping quarters. Exurban dwelling comes with social interaction—but only when you want it.
The encounters encouraged by Fernau & Hartman’s designs correspond with the sensory overload characteristic of contemporary life. Akin to the myriad channels offered by digital cable packages, these houses present a wide range of experiences, available at the turn of one’s eyes or a short walk down a flight of stairs. Encompassing extreme long shots as well as close-ups, panoramas of fields and ocean, brushings with stone and grass, the houses are like a cinematic lens for probing the landscape. But in this case the experience is all around, palpably local, and teeming with texture.
Although Stanley Saitowitz’s practice is based in San Francisco, his exurban houses don’t stem from the Bay Area tradition, but rather come from Southern California modernism, reaching from Richard Neutra to Craig Ellwood and the Case Study House movement. Influenced by the experiments of land artists like Michael Heizer, Saitowitz’s razor-sharp houses expand modernism into a geologic and topographic dimension, exposing the layers of landscape by building into, out of, and across them. At the Byron Meyer house (1990-2000), in Sonoma County, the design reshapes both its site and its inhabitants. A ravine separates the primary bedroom suite, atop a hill, from the main living area, on a separate promontory. The bridge that joins them, tartly expressed by red steel trusses, connects discrete realms of landscape and occupants.
Over the past couple of years, Saitowitz has embarked on an experiment that he calls the bar houses. The flat-roofed houses are built as thin glass-and-steel shafts, varying from 22 to 25 feet in thickness. This linear plan type allows Saitowitz to wrap each house into the landscape in a different way. Bars cross over each other at right angles, loop up in spirals, or crisscross to fashion internal courtyards. The twists and turns of the bar houses correspond largely to topographic conditions. And, as in most exurban houses, private and public spaces are separated from each other. In one of the bar houses, located in Marin County, the private zone sits directly atop the public zone. So far nothing new. But their separation is accentuated by the fact that windows on each floor open out in different directions. Above, the private rooms afford a medium-range view of the hillside; below, the living quarters tender long-range panoramas of the oak-studded hills. By closing off the opposing views from each zone with opaque walls, Saitowitz focuses public and private space as divergent landscape encounters.
As the bar houses snake and slither, going straight along, suddenly ramping up into a half circle, or crisply turning a 90-degree corner, they rearrange the state of affairs on the land. Describing the bar houses as ribbons or rulers, Saitowitz conceives of them as instruments for taking the measure of a landscape. In one sense, the bars continue landforms and vehicular routes, as earthen slopes become asphalt driveways, interior corridors, and eventually terraces outside bedrooms that look back at the land. But rather than imitating or continuing natural features, the bar houses often buck the current of their sites. They cut across the grain of land, much asthe San Francisco city grid reveals a precipitous topography by crashing into it. Saitowitz’s houses are sharpest when their artifice reveals the complex scope of landscape, when straight steel edges cut into the earth to uncover its ancient strata, or when rectangular pools of water float shifting pictures of structure, site, and sky. The bars might be described as stealth architecture, curiously probing at every detail of landscape, but skulking all the while. Because of the bar houses’ thinness and transparency, the landscape is often seen through them. Houses are more frames than forms.
As the different approaches of Fernau & Hartman and Stanley Saitowitz show, the exurban house gets its jolt from a confrontation with remote and amply sized landscapes. It is a restless refuge, at one moment curling residents into site and seconds later rocketing their eyes toward far horizons. Most exurban houses wear their design casually but those same houses also climb hillsides and ford uneven ridges. The experience for residents is a storm of sensations—intricate and scattered, restful and dramatic. And yet one of the casualties of the exurban house seems to be that worked zone of landscape emblematic of country houses of old: the garden. Nowadays, perimeters around exurban houses are blended in with the “wilds,” their artifice disguised to promote a pristine, almost primal engagement of occupant with landscape.
The exurban house follows a long tradition of wealthy people fleeing the ills of the city for the glories of the country. The chief difference today lies in the significantly larger number of people able to afford grandiose second or third homes. Many formerly rural regions of the country are becoming elite exurbs—like parts of California’s Marin, Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties, but also Cape Cod, eastern Long Island, the Berkshires, areas around ski resorts throughout the Rocky Mountains, and long stretches of ocean and lake coastline. Hidden by the exurban house’s designed encounter with landscape is its dubious battle with the gray boundlessness of the metropolis. America’s economy of sprawl now spews forth estate escapes, vast acreages of land sequestered into private preserves, utopias of the privileged individual. Inviting the sounds and sights of nature, yet not of the public, the exurban house represents a mass movement of affluent Americans away from the mass culture they themselves produce and control.
Photos by Richard Barnes (top), Cesar Rubio (bottom); photo by Jason Schmidt (Byron Meyer); rendering courtesy Stanley Saitowitz / Natoma Architects
A New York City couple creates a breezy but bold gabled retreat in East Hampton.
In 2015, New York City resident Ed Fogarty came across an inspiring site in East Hampton, New York, adjacent to a 17-acre working horse farm—land that could never be developed. “You’re surrounded by clear blue sky and open spaces, with no other houses in sight,” says Ed. “It felt secluded in a way that was nice coming from the bustling city.”
Together with his partner Tim McMullan, Ed purchased the bucolic property—which, at the time, had a small house on it. “I always wanted to build a house, and when I found this property, I fell in love with the site—not necessarily the house,” says Ed. After the purchase, Ed and Tim decided to spend time in the existing home in order to experience the nuances of the site, and get a better idea of what they wanted in their new home. “I knew if I lived there through the four seasons for a couple of years, I would really come to understand how the winds blow, how the sun traverses the sky,” says Ed.
“The breezeway is covered, but it opens on one side to the driveway, and it’s completely open at the other end to the pool and the rest of the property,” says Workshop/APD associate principal Tyler Marshall of the new East Hampton home. “So you walk through and experience this incredible view.”
Photo by Read McKendree/JBSA
After a several-years-long residence in the modest, 700-square-foot home, a vision developed for what their new home might look like. “In terms of aesthetics, I’ve always wanted a black house,” says Ed, who also drew inspiration from the nearby Parrish Art Museum. “I had some ideas to start, but didn’t necessarily know how they would come to life. A connection with a longtime friend—Workshop/APD founding principal Matt Berman—would change that. “It wasn’t until Matt Berman came to the property that I was able to put that into the words,” says Ed. “We began talking about it, and the conversation began to spark ideas that felt right,” he recalls of those early discussions.
Upon entry, the view expands to highlight the pool, wildflower meadow, and surrounding vegetation.
Photo by Read McKendree/JBSA
The team quickly zeroed in on yakisugi to accomplish the desired rich exterior palette for the home, a material Ed had first encountered on a previous trip to Japan. “I was touring Kyoto with a local guide and saw it on a home,” Ed recalls. “I distinctly remember commenting that the wood looked burned, and the guide told me a bit about the process.” Known as shou sugi ban in the West, the term refers to Japanese cedar, or sugi, that is intensely burned as a preservative heat treatment. In addition to aesthetic appeal, yakisugi is durable, sustainable, and requires minimal upkeep—it can last as long as 80 to 150 years without maintenance.
When it came to building his own home stateside, careful research led Ed to Nakamoto Forestry. As the preeminent manufacturer of authentic yakisugi, Nakamoto Forestry is a family-owned and -operated company with control over the entire manufacturing process—from their sugi (Japanese cedar) forests in Hiroshima, which they’ve sustainably managed since the 1920s, to four family-owned mills that produce siding and flooring. Nakamoto Forestry honors Japanese tradition in their production of authentic yakisugi—while introducing new technologies and coatings which enhance the natural beauty and durability of the wood.
Yakisugi from Nakamoto Forestry was selected for the home’s exterior. Each of the Pika-Pika® boards used was graded by hand 11 times to ensure the highest quality.
Higher materials prices are expected to stall new construction homes and renovations, and make both more expensive for everyone.
After President Trump announced his tariffs plan on April 2, what he has deemed “Liberation Day,” only to follow up with a 90-day pause on the previously announced reciprocal tariffs (with exception to a 10 percent flat duty on all imported goods), the public is rightfully flummoxed about precisely what products are about to get more expensive. Homebuilders fall into this shaky boat: According to the National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB), nearly $14 billion of imported goods were used to construct new single- and multifamily residences across the country—accounting for seven percent of all required materials. Though there’s still much uncertainty about how tariffs will resume after the pause, reports nationwide have homebuilders of all sizes bracing for what could be a big setback to creating new homes and renovating others.
When it comes to home building, the industry isn’t a stranger to pricing changes to materials like softwood and steel, which were tariffed by Trump in his first term (and mostly maintained under the Biden administration). However, the U.S. Department of Commerce has stated that it plans to raise these tariffs again this year to more than 34 percent, which, says the Financial Times, includes new import and anti-dumping duties. It’s unknown when this plan will go into effect. And while Canada is also a major exporter of steel and aluminum, according to U.S. News & World Report, many of the materials used in U.S. housing construction come from China, currently subject to a whopping 145 percent tariff (which includes a 120 percent reciprocal tariff exempted from his April 9 pauses). This could cause material costs to soar to as much as $45 billion per year from today’s $4 billion expenditure.
Other materials, including gypsum for drywall, flooring, appliances, and HVAC systems are frequently made in and imported from Canada, China, and Mexico; in early April, the New York Times published example “line items” that account for both tariff costs and possible labor shortages resulting from large-scale migrant worker deportations. In their analysis, the costs for windows and doors would increase by 11 percent, roofing would increase by 21 percent, and drywall would increase by 22 percent—not including any cost increases to labor. U.S. News notes that suppliers and contractors may be able to source materials more cheaply by shopping from manufacturers in countries currently exempted from reciprocal tariffs, but “most homebuilders have developed relationships with companies and countries and can’t always make immediate changes.”
Yet immediate changes are coming from the top—policy shifts at the national level cause prices to fluctuate, which, as a story by the Pittsburgh Gazette explains, has strained some smaller suppliers and contractors. One Pennsylvania supplier who typically receives prices annually has begun to see them change almost daily; some manufacturers have paused pricing entirely, which can delay projects. This could mean that projects currently underway could see price hikes or pauses while manufacturers catch up or developers strategize how to recoup potential unanticipated costs.
For smaller remodeling projects, the NAHB reports that their 2025 first quarter Remodeling Market Index—a survey that asks builders to rate the remodeling market—dropped to its lowest level since 2020, “as some remodelers are reporting that uncertainty about tariffs and the direction of the economy are making customers hesitant to spend on larger projects,” says Nicole Goolsby, the remodelers chair for NAHB. Even larger homebuilders like Lennar were feeling “squeezed” as early as March and, according to Realtor.com, their market share dropped by four percent due to interest rates and a downturn in consumer confidence in the wake of international trade uncertainty.
This means consumers could see higher prices for new construction homes as well as for renovations to existing ones. Realtor.com notes that new homes account for less than 20 percent of the housing market, but that there are some states where construction is booming to meet demand: In Idaho, new construction makes up nearly 40 percent of the market, and in North Carolina and Delaware, new homes hover around 30 percent of the housing market. In these states, momentum toward meeting our current housing needs could be hit hard as the NAHB reports that a rise in material costs could raise new home construction costs by more than $9,000. As import duties are levied on individual materials themselves, the costs could be passed onto buyers, raising more questions about how trade policy will ultimately impact the housing crisis.
Original steel wrapping the ’60s structure in Kansas hides fresh pine interiors and energy-efficient features.
Houses We Love: Every day we feature a remarkable space submitted by our community of architects, designers, builders, and homeowners. Have one to share? Post it here.
From the Architect: “Located on a family farm, Overbrook Overlook transforms a 1960s barn into a residential cottage nestled into a rolling hill that overlooks the town of Overbrook, Kansas. Overbrook Overlook retains much of the weathered corrugated steel siding and roofing from the existing corn barn, establishing an intriguing contrast between the cottage’s rustic exterior and warm pine interior.High performance glazing envelopes the 480-square-foot space, bringing in generous daylight and connecting the cottage to its surrounding vistas and nature.
“Foam-in-place insulation and very efficient comfort systems will push the home toward net-zero energy once solar photovoltaics are installed.The cottage is designed with compactness and comfort, creatively providing a range of spaces including a kitchen, dining space, living area, and six sleeping spaces.The bathroom is finished with materials from Recycled Surfaces, a Kansas City organization that reuses landfill-destined materials to create renewable, high-performing surface products. Overbrook Overlook sits adjacent to the farm’s original land grant stone house built in 1860, which the owners have reconstructed as an ancillary historic structure and refer to as the Underlook.”
